High Effective Project Management Methods Essay - 1121 Words

In summary such proliferation strategies were based on high effective project management methods. Comparative studies [36].updated in 1990s and published in 1995s, the develop performance achieved by Japanese firms according three key chosen by the researchers lead time, project team productivity as measured by the number of engineering hours thus required to develop the project, and the quality of the vehicles into market. Stage.3: 1985 to 1995.(The Rise of Project Function and Concurrent Engineering) During this time many automobile manufacturers changed and reorganized their approach to the management of project for new product in order to develop more quickly and lower cost ,great number of products of increasingly high quality ‘the management of project for new vehicles was now the heart of corporate strategy’. After 1980s a new connection emerged was concurrent engineering, characterized by the stunning rise of project function and the deployment methodologies .however the most sign of this break was the creation of project directors, who were intend to become genuine entrepreneurs in automobile industry development at the same time, the time of appear for the â€Å"heavy weight project manager† (see Figure 3.3) [66]. For many years the heavy weight project manager had existed in the Japanese firm Toyota under the label â€Å"Susha† where Susha is an independent project manager director with wide authority into automotive industry firms started from the preliminary projectShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Project Management Competencies And Their Importance1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of project management competencies to obtain a successful career in the field. The problems addressed in this analysis are to gain an understanding of the project management competencies needed for successful implementation in any industry given. The analysis contributes to research and practice in two ways. The first is the identification and reporting of project management competencies and their importance. Secondly, the analysis proposes aRead MoreThe Model Of The Putnam Model1214 Words   |  5 Pagesfurther influenced by the development environment and It is determined on the basis of historical data of the past projects. Rating: C=2,000 (poor), C=8000 (good) C=12,000 (excellent). The Putnam model is considered to be the sensitive and specific model that was developed so as to manage the reduction in development time and able to further drives the person-months need to manage the project specific development. The major challenge with applicability of the PUTNAM model is that the accuracy of the estimatesRead MoreThe Importance Of Project Management Competencies And Why They Are Important1324 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this study is to analysis the importance of project management competencies to obtain a successful career in the field. The problems addressed in this analysis are to gain an understanding of the project management competencies needed for successful implementation in any industry given. The analysis contributes to research and practice in two ways. Firstly, I identified and report on project management competencies and why they are important. Secondly, the analysis proposes a frameworkRead MoreProject Management Methodology Is Optimal Continues1648 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Emerging evidence seems to indicate the debate over which project management methodology is optimal continues. Agile approaches which include Iterative and Adaptive models (i.e. Scrum) are at one end of the spectrum. Traditional approaches which includes Linear and Incremental models (i.e. Waterfall) at the other end. With a growing demand to deliver quality products in rapidly changing global market, project managers are required to be creative in their selected approach. Which methodologyRead MoreProject Management : Project Planning Fundamentals1213 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment. These have brought very effective changes to project management.project management includes implementing,controlling,goals and identifying tasks which are to be achieved.the concept of the project and project management involves project evaluation,project selection,project planning fundamentals.project cost control and scheduling of a project in critical methom(cpm) which are crucial to technology-int ensive organizations which have been discussed.a project is a sequence structure that areRead MoreProject Management Role And Responsibilities1390 Words   |  6 Pages 6.1 PROJECT MANAGER’S ROLE What are some general roles and responsibilities for the project manager? What are some of the project manager’s role and responsibilities as it relates to managing the prime contract? â€Æ' 6.2 LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this section you will be able to: †¢ Explain the role of project management role in driving the efforts of the project team (Reliance and Contractor or Supplier) to achieve the contract objectives †¢ Explain Reliance Project Manager’sRead MoreNursing Research Utilization Project1349 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Research Utilization Project: The nursing profession has experienced several challenges and emerging issues in the recent past that have significant impacts on the health and wellbeing of the society. Some of the major challenges facing this field include nurses commitment to their work, their etiquette while working, shortage of nurses, meeting patients expectations, and their dedication to their profession and patients. While there have been numerous attempts to address these issuesRead MoreChapter 3 3. METHODOLOGY 3.1 3.1 Introduction Nowadays, some construction companies in Iran are1200 Words   |  5 Pagesobjectives of the projects, risk management should be associated to any project. In this research risk management process for steel structure buildings in Iranian construction projects was investigated due to its more popular and has so much advantages. Risk management would be studied in five stages including earth work, reinforcement, formwork, concrete work and steel structure to develop the accomplishment of risk management through the appropriate method. 3.2 3.2 Research Method Risk identificationRead MoreOrganizational Model Of Healthcare Performance1587 Words   |  7 PagesHealthcare Performance, Quality Assessment and Management High performing healthcare organizations provide quality patient care that is cost efficient. Metro Health has an effective organizational model for its quality assessment and management of healthcare performance. 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How Marriage And Family Concepts Relationship Between...

I am going to talk about how marriage and family concepts or relationship in Hinduism and Christianity are influenced by Laws of Manu and Writings of Martin Luther. Martin Luther, a German monk, priest and theologian, is a great reformer in western church history. He focused his study on the necessity for salvation and stated that the rightness of God is the strong faith believers have. His writings hold against the corruption of Catholicism and at the meantime, describe his perspective in the Radical Reformation. The masterpiece called the church to concentrate on the teachings of Bible itself. Law of Manu, complied between 200-400C.E., gives particular descriptions and prescriptions of dharma. It includes the caste system in Hinduism, the four stages of life, the status of women in the society and so on. Because Law of Manu is one of the most important texts of all legal codes in Hinduism, every Brahman has the obligation to read it at least once in his or her lifetime. Instead of ordering readers to do things, Law of Manu serves as a simple instruction by offering possible actions to certain problems and their consequences. Speaking of family and marriage, Law of Manu addresses the duties of husband and wife, the details of a marriage ceremony and the benefits when a proper marriage is conducted. As in Writings of Martin Luther, Luther stresses that marriage and family should be treated with respect and honor in the church and society which was against the common view

Responsibilities Towards State In Australiaâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Responsibilities Towards State In Australia? Answer: Introducation Rights are given so much weight nowadays. However one can easily forget that there is also another side to this equation which is related to the responsibilities towards the State in Australia. In accordance with the study of Runzo and Co-authors (2014), the actual meaning of right is that getting liberty from interference by government or any other individual. ndividual rights can be termed as freedom of each, and every individual gets to continue their life and goals with no interference from government or any other individual. Individual right is related to their life, freedom and pursue happiness as reported by the Australian government. However, these rights come with responsibilities towards community and state. Community refers to group of individuals having common morals and interests. Community n be described as "wholeness incorporating diversity" and might be inclusive of individuals with various values, ages, incomes and backgrounds. An individual can become a member of two or more communities; such as becoming part of geographic residence and member of workplace. State responsibilitiesare the duties and responsibilities of an individual to the society and are inclusive of support, value and contribution. It is a concept that goes beyond thoughts and performing as a person having common beliefs regarding shared interests and life. Voting in elections is a fundamental responsibility of a community. In this aspect major conflict is between responsibility ofEmbracing Australians Values and human rights provided to the citizens in Australia especially in terms of freedom of speech provided by Australian Government. From generations, this right is considered as given liberty which the most cherished among values underpinning Australia. Among all the most appreciated liberty is freedom of expression (Edwards, 2013). Although free speech is a severe and indisputable conception, its process could difficult and solid. However, this principle is mixture of black and white which makes it grey. It is because; freedom of speech cannot be considered as a total right. As it holds a variety of responsibilities and is restricted by legal restrictions, morals and principled considerations. According to the ICCPR Article 19, each and every individual holds the right to make opinions without any interference (French, 2015). Each and every person has right to liberty expressing, this right is inclusive of liberty to take, accept and pass on information and thoughts about anything, despite of frontiers, either by verbally or in written manner or printed or by any other medium of their wish. The attainment of right by an individual provided in paragraph 2 of this cited article holds with it exceptional responsibilities and duties. For that reason it can be subjected to some restrictions, however only in such cases, like legally provided or are mandatory: In context with the rights of others; The welfare of society or by public command, health or values (Barry and Sage-Jacobson). For a better understanding of this conflict following two cases can be considered which are related to free speech judgments which have been handled by a high court of Australia. In this aspect, the first case is Monis v The Queen. In this case, the defendant had sent letters to the acquaintances of soldiers who were killed in the war in Afghanistan. The letters condemned Australias association in military disagreement (Mearns, 2015). The defendant was held for allegedly breachingSec 471.12 of theCriminal Code Act 1995, as it was an offence for using postal services to threat or annoy someone or case a crime. In this aspect, defendant had a responsibility to respect the State norms and have not sent such letter which were alleged to offend other individuals. This was the clear case of misuse of provided right as this right is supposed to be used with the responsibility. Another case related to this aspect is of Attorney-General (SA) v Corporation of the City of Adelaide. This case involved several people speaking in a community in Adelaide. They allegedly breached the law local government by-law which makes illegal is a person talks, campaigns, harangue or else seeking for religious basis. However, this was vaguer as this was mere a discussion on which right was not misused to the severe extent. In both the cases, the decision depends entirely on is the laws were considered unacceptable for contravening animplied constitutional right to freedom of political communication. Further, in both cases, the court made a decision that the laws were applicable. Cited cases later appeared in the High Court for the final decision regarding Lex Wottenearly in 2013. In this case; extraordinary parole conditions put up by Wotten included a restriction on communication with journalists, and the general public was following hisimmersion in the 2004 Palm Island riot. The High Court defended the validity of parole condition (Gale, 2016). These Decisions shows that how weak the adopted right to freedom is. It can be said that dependency on security against laws that limit a persons right to liberty of speech. However, resolution of this dispute is mainly based on the entire situation and primarily on the intention of the defendant. Legal disputes related to freedom of speech can be resolved by both legal mechanism and non legal mechanisms. In the legal mechanism, the case is resolved through do the internal and external reviews in which statuary administrative and judicial bodies are involved, which are Royal commissions, Australian Human Rights Commission, Independent Commission against Corruption (Roberts, 2013). This resolution is a complete formal process which is cost and time-consuming. However, this is compulsory if the matter is severe like in the given three case examples. On the other hand, the non-legal mechanism includes trade unions, parliament members, media, non government associations and interest groups which act as a mediator and try to solve the situation without involving in legal proceedings (Merrils, 2017). The best example of this mechanism is alternative dispute resolution in which arbitrator or mediator is appointed who is the unbiased person who looks after the case in order to provide viable decision which is acceptable by both parties. Further, if concerned parties are not satisfied with the decision, then they can consider legal mechanisms References Barry, L. and Sage-Jacobson, S., 2015. Human Rights, Older People and Decision Making in Australia. Edwards, S.M., 2013. The genocide and terror of witchcraft accusation, persecution and related violence: an emergency situation for international human rights and domestic law.Int. Fam. Law,2013, pp.322-30. French, R., 2015, September. The fine art of giving and taking offence. InJudicial Review: Selected Conference Papers: Journal of the Judicial Commission of New South Wales, The(Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 21). Judicial Commission of NSW. Gale, P., 2016. Rights, responsibilities, and resistance: Legal discourse and intervention legislation in the Northern Territory in Australia.Semiotica,2016(209), pp.167-185. Mearns, C.A., 2015.Monis v The Queen: what the High Court's split on gender lines reveals about the discrimination at the heart of the implied freedom of political communication(Doctoral dissertation, Australian National University). Merrills, J., 2017.International dispute settlement. Cambridge university press. Roberts, S., 2013.Order and dispute: an introduction to legal anthropology. Quid Pro Books. Runzo, J., Martin, N.M. and Sharma, A., 2014.Human rights and responsibilities in the world religions. Oneworld Publications.

Julius Caesar - Analysis Of Caesar Essays - , Term Papers

Julius Caesar - Analysis of Caesar Essay on Caesar In Shakespeare's play of "Caesar" Brutus is a conspirator who portrays a person who favors a republic for Rome. Brutus is an honorable man. Many characters in the play show there reverence for Brutus. Brutus exemplifies his honor in many ways. Brutus is obsequious when he is needed to abet his fellow romans. Brutus is an honorable man. "Am I entreated to Speak and Strike? O Rome I make thee promise, If the redress will follow, then receivest thy full petition at the hand of Brutus" (Shakespeare 397). Brutus will obey to whatever the romans convey to him. Consequently, Brutus joins the conspiracy inorder to help the romans rid rome of Caesar. Brutus also understands that he is putting it all on the line for his romans, therefore Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a scrupulous man, whose virtues endure. "No not an oath, If not by the face of men, the sufferance of our souls, the time's abuse-If these motives be weak, break off betimes, and every men hence to his idle bed; So let high sighted tyranny rage on, till each man drop by lottery" (Shakespeare 399). Brutus said that if the conspirators do not join for a common cause, then there is no need for an oath because the conspirators are self-righteous, and they are serving the romans. If the conspirators don't bind together, then each man will go his own way, become a weakling, and die when it suits the tyrants caprice. Brutus is advocates peace, freedom and liberty, for all romans, which shows that Brutus is an altruistic as well as an honorable man. Brutus also had a compassion for Caesar when he had killed Caesar. "If then that a friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more" (Shakespeare 421). Brutus had honored Caesar but Brutus felt that Caesar was to ambitious. Brutus also felt that Caesar made the romans as slaves. Therefore, Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a noble man who was revered by many. Brutus had j oined the conspiracy because he had the desire to help the commoners. He was a follower of idealism, where the romans would possess peace, liberty and freedom. Brutus wanted the kill Caesar, because he believed that all of the people of Rome would eventually be slaves, thus Brutus resorted to the assassination if Caesar. Brutus is a honorable man. Marcus Brutus was a good friend to Julius Caesar, but not good enough. He had moral values dealing with Rome and its people. Brutus' values then made him join a conspiracy against Caesar put together by Cassius. Brutus joined this mainly because he didn't want Caesar to turn his back on Rome so there would be a reasonable reason for killing Caesar. If Brutus wasn't in the play, there would be no "Tragedy" in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar.

Immigration In America Essays (1288 words) - Demography, Population

Immigration In America Immigration in America American National Government Immigration I. Introduction A. Problem of Immigrants in the U.S. B. Numbers that are Immigrating into U.S. II. Stands on the Issue A. Democrats Stand B. Republican Stand C. Candidates Stand D. Special Interest Groups E. Local Citizens F. My Stand III. Ways to solve the problem A. Quotas B. Standardized Tests Immigration is an increasing problem in the U.S. making the issue a minor detail to be concerned about in the year's upcoming election. Because of increased immigration a variety of problems have resulted. The first is education. When an immigrant comes into this country he or she doesn't have to have any knowledge of English and they need to do is stumble through some papers and they are in. This means that their children don't know how to speak English, so they are going into public schools with no knowledge as to what they rest of the students are saying or doing. This creates a conflict and a disruption to the rest of the class. There are two ways to solve the problem, they can either educate teachers in several different languages, which in order to do they would probably have to increase teachers salaries by an extremely good portion, or they can slow down the rate of immigration. Figures show that the U.S. population grew by almost 2.5 million people last year. Of that number one million of those people were immigrants. These are just the legal ones. There is no way of telling how many illegal ones made it across the U.S. and Mexican Border. This problem doesn't stop here. The economical effects are bad too. The workers coming in are willing to work for less money and do the same amount of work as the rest on the American citizens are willing to do. This means that either the American citizens are going to have to accept lower wages in order to keep their jobs or they are going to have to find new jobs. This problem only effects those that do manual labor jobs and jobs that don't require lots of training and skills. Furthermore, the problem reaches the people at the top of the pay scale as well. People have found a way to sneak across the border and get themselves put on welfare. This dips out of the taxpayers' money and takes away money for legitimate government programs and also gives critics of the welfare program more ammunition to eliminate welfare. Many different groups have many different sides on the issue. The Democrats seem to be in favor of immigration. They encourage immigrants to come into the U.S. and become permanent citizens. They complain about how the Republicans are against immigration and try to blame the countries social and economic problems on the immigrants. The Republicans on the other hand don't want to see immigration continue and they would like to see quotas placed on the numbers that are allowed to come in. The two candidates seem to be very quiet about the issue. This only makes sense because ticking off the minorities this close to election could be fatal. Al Gore does however comment on how the border patrol's over use of power needs to be stopped and to keep things from getting out of hand. Basically he is saying let the Mexicans hop the border and invade our whole country. At the time of the Iowa Caucuses, I was surprised at the number of ads there was in various newspapers that I read addressing the issue of immigration. They all seem to be coming from the same point of view and that was to stop immigration into this country to prevent the country from being over run by immigrants who don't care about our way of life. One of the more frequent ads I saw were those put out by Negative Population Growth, Inc. They talked about the different ways that the immigration problem was affecting us as a nation. This group seemed to be hard-core about trying to keep the immigration members to an absolute minimum. Their website talks about all of the negative effects of immigration and they show all of the effects of immigration. These effects include the economy, social, lifestyle, and

Arthur “Mr. Chips” Chipping, age 85 Essay Essays

Arthur â€Å"Mr. Chips† Chipping, age 85 Essay Essays Arthur â€Å"Mr. Chips† Chipping, age 85 Essay Essay Arthur â€Å"Mr. Chips† Chipping, age 85 Essay Essay The venerable establishment of Brookfield has grown a small poorer. Its memories have faded. merely a little more fleetly than memories are disposed to make. holding lost its greatest memory-keeper. The instructors. the staff. and even the male childs that passed through its halls. considered Arthur Chipping to be every bit much a portion of Brookfield as the rock and howitzer of its walls. However. in the terminal. he proved to be flesh and blood. Arthur Chipping died in his slumber today. at the age of 85. after a long life of service to the immature work forces of England. Chipping was born in 1848. In 1870. at the age of 22. Chiping â€Å"took his prep† at in the Big Hall of Brookfield. a boys’ public get oning school. It was at Brookfield that he remained until the terminal of his life. although he had retired in 1913. at the age of 65. Sing hours will be between 7 p. m. and 9 p. m. tomorrow. Flower contributions should be sent in attention of Mrs. Wickett. Brookfield. Chipping was a maestro throughout his calling. learning classical history. Greek. and Latin for all of his 42 old ages at Brookfield. In 1900. Chiping briefly served at that place as Acting Head. following the sudden decease of the Head of Brookfield. from pneumonia. Following his retirement in 1913. Chiping remained active at the school. go toing of import lucifers and dinners and taking it upon himself to fix and redact a new Brookfeldian Directory ( 91 ) . In 1916. Chiping returned to learning at his old station. due to the instruction deficit created by the First World War. During this clip. he acted as a stabilizing force for Brookfield. maintaining. as he was fond of stating â€Å"a sense of proportion† about it when he was once more appointed to Acting Head of Brookfield. He retired for a 2nd clip in 1918 ; this clip his retirement was lasting. It would non be exaggerating the affair to state that Chipping. lovingly known as â€Å"Mr. Chips. † was a one time in a life-time maestro. Merely one other single seems to near his dedication: a Mr. William Balgarnie. a maestro at The Leys ( Carroll par. 8 ) . whose life was similar plenty so that they seemed modeled after one another. Chiping leaves no life relatives. At 48. he met 25-year-old Katherine Bridges. an out of work governess. while walking at Great Gable. They married merely a hebdomad before the autumn term began that twelvemonth. non go forthing themselves clip for a honeymoon. It was Katherine who gave Chiping the moniker of â€Å"Mr. Chips. † She predeceased him after a brief matrimony. while giving birth to their lone kid. Although he leaves no inheritor. Chips one time commented that he had â€Å"thousands† of kids. All male childs. Goodbye. Mr. Chips. You will be missed. Plants Cited Carroll. Timothy. â€Å"Who was the existent Mr. Chips? † 12 Sept. 2002. 6 June 2008. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. telegraph. co. uk/arts/main. jhtml? xml=/arts/2002/12/09/batc09. xml gt ; . Hilton. James. Goodbye. Mr. Chips. 1934. New York: Small. Br

Politeness in english Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Politeness in english - Essay Example 157). The key assumption of this definition is that social friction is generally undesirable and there are several behavioral modes that have historically been gradually developed and can be adequately categorized as being polite. It is believed that if these behavioral modes are adequately applied in society, they will have the result of either preventing friction or at least minimizing its occurrence. Another definition of politeness defines it as being a strategic avoidance of any possible conflict (Watts, 2003, p. 50). Although this definition can be perceived as being concrete, a closer examination of the definition shows that politeness is something that we tend to use rationally and consciously with the sole intent of avoiding conflict.Another proposed definition of politeness defines it as being one of the various constraints of human interaction that is primarily used to aid in the promotion of rapport, the consideration of other’s feelings and the establishment of mu tual comfort (Locher, 2004, p. 76). This definition of politeness equates politeness with a general constraint on human interaction that mainly involves a social injunction preventing one form doing the opposite (Bax and Ka?da?r 106-107). Defining politeness as being either a constraint or a set of various constraints is seen to conveniently help lead us away from any form of objectivist approach to politeness. This is mainly due to the nature of constraints that requires people to learn them on an individual basis through their social interactions and practice. Although researchers can be able to observe the various instances of emergent social practice, they are however unable to adequately observe the constraint itself (Bax and Ka?da?r 106-107). Politeness is found to be a common word that is frequently in everyday use in the English language and has various translations in different languages such as politesse in French and beleefdheid in Dutch. The tem is found to be particular ly established in most scholarly works on pragmatics and linguistics. As is common with most everyday English expressions, politeness is found to be rather fuzzy and hence its susceptibility to having multiple variations based on personal, historical and social differences. It is common for such common terms to often have wider applications than technical terms in the language and there is a tendency for uncertainty to arise in the event that the two happen to be confused. Technical terms are found to often be not everyday expressions and as such have more a generally more specific denotation. This makes it important to clearly distinguish between the basically technical term â€Å"politeness† and the more everyday notion that the term is put to use(Gotti, Dossena&Dury, 2008, p. 5). An analysis of the term politeness as it is used in these contexts can be perceived to be a very worthwhile research both historically and in the different varieties of PDE. This can have the bene fit of providing an ethnographic view of how the different speakers of the English language talk about politeness and the semantics of the word politeness or polite at several different points in the history of the English language (Gotti, Dossena&Dury, 2008, p. 5). Politeness in the English Language The distinction existing between negative and positive politeness that was

DNA Fingerprinting Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

DNA Fingerprinting - Research Proposal Example Jeffreys began at the simplest, by detecting single copies of the genes and the phenomena of introns. It was this research that introduced the genuine concepts of restricted fragment length polymorphism or RFLP.(Newton, 2004, np) By this technique it was possible to divide the DNA in to smaller pieces, which in turn led to discovery of SNP or single nucleotide polymorphism. The SNP became a designation for points in DNA that show variation in the nucleotide arrangement, which prevents their cutting. These two discoveries were going to affect the entire future of the genetic technologies. (Newton, 2004, np) The discovery of the DNA printing made it an exclusive fact that humans differ substantially from other life forms, a notion he had pride on for many millennia. Now DNA finger printing is a common house hold concept, as people know that in order to identify someone, a small trace of him or her is required in the form of hair, fingerprint, semen, saliva etc. Jeffreys studied the variations in the human DNA, and focused on those variations that would come up in repeat DNA sequences. This research led him to conclude that no two DNA strands can be the same, and act as genetic "fingerprints" to the person.(Sir Alex Jeffreys, 2007, np) The finding again was augmented by data derived from experiments on seal myoglobin genes, where the phenomena of mini-satellites in human genome was discovered. This was a major breakthrough in the start of the research of genetic fingerprinting. (Sir Alex Jeffreys, 2007, np) Mini or micro satellites are located on the non-coding DNA, and it is this DNA th at accumulates random variations at faster pace than the coding DNA. Many of these non-coding DNA genes are gene regulators, but a significant amount does not contain any information at all. These "junk DNA" are essentially the phenomenon which is known as the micro-satellites. The micro-satellites contain short and repetitive DNA sequences within the sequence. Usually their location is easily predicted, however, this sequence repetition is variable in every individual.(Olson, 2006, np) It is the micro-satellites that are cut when DNA fragmentation results, which lead to various lengths of band formation or RFLPs.The main concept behind this individuality of specie within itself is the arrangement of base pairs in the DNA. This arrangement difference is what differentiates species and animals and plants, as well as persons from each other. Therefore, every DNA sequence is unique. The DNA sequence in one organism will be the same in all of its cells, whether unicellular or multi-cell ular. The number of base pairs is different in every species, along with its configuration, which differentiates the various species from each other. (Antler, 2003, para 1) DNA fingerprinting is now being used in many fields of common life and advanced genetic researches. One of the most interesting areas is the diagnosis of inherited disease within an individual. It is now a known fact that humans inherit many illness genes, which are contributory in progression of the disease. Ethical issues aside, in prenatal and newborn infants, this technology can be used to identify any inherited disorders that they may be carrying, and institute treatment should the need arise. Due to the increased involvement

Art And Social Protest During The Vietnam War Research Paper

Art And Social Protest During The Vietnam War - Research Paper Example Many participants of these artworks have different ways to demonstrate and pass their message to the targeted people and empower them on different aspects. During war times, people use artwork to demonstrate the suffering of other people which they undergo and this helps in easing of the situation or more help coming to the people in need. Most paintings may reference a certain War event but it serves for any War and artist aim for generic use and information when making these artworks. Pablo Picasso’s artwork, named after a city in Spain that was a target of terror bomb during the Civil War in Spain. This painting demonstrated the kind of suffering it puts individuals and at most, the innocent people the fame of this art reminds of war tragedies with the symbolization of anti-war and peace. The spread of the artwork throughout the world brought the Spanish War to the attention of the whole world. Picasso never wanted the painting to reach Spain until democracy and liberty for med, this saw the painting put under a high security with a bomb and bulletproof screens for security purposes. This shows the importance of the painting in the fight against the war. The meanings of Picasso’s painting vary according to the interpretation provided. Throughout Picasso’s career, he used the bull and a horse to symbolize different roles since the two are important characters in the Spanish culture. Many victims are visible with some alive and others dead which remains as a historical reminder of the times of war.  ... This shows the importance of the painting in the fight against war (Matthew 49). The meanings of Picasso’s painting vary according to the interpretation provided. Throughout Picasso’s career, he used the bull and a horse to symbolize different roles since the two are important characters in the Spanish culture. In the sculpture, many victims are visible with some alive and others dead which remains as a historical reminder of the times of war. Chaos by the European political unpredictability is visible in the composition of the Picasso’s painting. The color in the Guernica is black which mostly symbolizes death. Other artists during the time of Picasso who influenced the artwork of anti-war, or the like of Franisco de Goya not only did the artwork on war but also in a bullfight. The whole scene takes place within a room with one open end and a bull over a woman mourning for a dead child and some other hidden images. A light bulb to represent the sun and a broken sword to represent defeat are visible in the painting by Picasso known as Guernica (Shabi 12). Schneemann held a performance â€Å"snows† to protest the famous Vietnam War with a focus in values on flesh and this brought new fraught in politics. Schneemann participated in the New York City festival during the week of Angry Arts, which involved many performances and events from many artists in protest of the famous war. Her presentation shows the ambivalence of emotionally charged photos, which suggests uncertainty in the information overlaid and passing strategy. She also uses a film that she demonstrates the misuse of people in wars and the results of war. These artworks show that Schneemann was among the protestors

Marketing planning

Marketing planning Introduction : This assignment is submitted in partial fulfilment of the marketing planning unit. I have been asked to conduct macro-environmental and micro environmental marketing audit to identify the current and key issues facing the organization I propose to launch a Fabindia store in Milan, Italy. The report outlines reasons for undertaking the audit and appraises the processes, models and techniques used for the audit. It also assesses the external and internal marketing environment for the organisation and summarises the impact of this analysis for the organisations marketing plan and marketing mix. Finally have proposed a marketing plan details about how it can be executed. 1.About Fabindia: 1.1 History: The first Fabindia outlet was set up in 1961 by John Bissell to provide a platform for traditional artisans and printers to market their produce to showcase diverse craft traditions of India. 1.2 Current Philosophy: Eco-friendly, ethical hand crafted Indian products. Mission: Traditional, ethnic products creating sustainable employment for craftsmen and artisans in rural India. 1.3 Current Target Audience: Retail- Age Group: Not specific Sex: Male Female Economic Class: Upper and higher middle class. Geographical Places: Metros, tier 2 tier 3 cities. Institutional Buyers: Heritage hotels, resorts corporate houses. 1.4 Current Product Range: Garments for men and women, Accessories, Home Linen and Furnishings, Home Products, Floor Coverings, Body Care Products and more recently, Organic Food Products and ethnic jewellery. 1.5 Timeline of its stores: 1976 1st retail outlet, New Delhi. By 2001 6 stores concentrated in the metro cities. By the end of 2004 20 stores. By the end of 2007 75 retail stores across India and in addition, stores in Dubai, Rome and Guangzhou in China. By 2008 99 stores. By 2009 108 stores. By 2011 Target of having 250 stores. Fabindia: Retail Snapshot 108 stores across 40 cities 6 stores abroad. Dubai, UAE, Bahrain (three stores), Doha, Qatar and in Rome, Italy. Online Shopping Exports to 34 countries 1.6 Sales Revenue: 2000-01 : Turnover of 36 crore rupees 2005-06 : Turnover of Rs 130 crore. 2007-08 : Revenue of Rs 257 crore 2008-2009 : Revenue of Rs 300 crore. but growth more than halved to 17% from 40% in 2007-08. By 2011: Target turnover Rs 1000 crore. 1.7 Future Plans: Leveraging the Organic Products section, childrens market. Expand nationally internationally. 100,000 shareholders and five-fold increase in skilled jobs in the rural sector. Reduce the number of defects in the products to a minimal which include bleeding of colours, shrinkage etc. 2. Internal Audit: 2.1 SWOT Analysis: S T R E N G T H S Differentiable products, Diverse product mix, International appeal, Eco-friendly, ethical, natural stylish, Showcases diverse Indian craft traditions contemporary styles, Creates employment for craftsmen in rural India, Different categories of stores, Products all age groups variety of economic strata, Constant development innovations product line, Partnering suppliers sourcing from 21 states across India, Big distribution network, In-house manufacturing, Customer Loyalty, Manifold growth of most artisan suppliers linked exclusively to Fabindia. No awareness about the brand, Limited channels of business, Sourcing strategy skewed towards suppliers, Competition from brands having similar product range, Inconsistent quality of products. W E A K N E S S E S T H R E A T S Time-lines and Delivery schedules dependent on too many variables, Monitoring and Supervision contemporarising and bench marking of traditional skills based products, Building Capacity time and resource intensive, Not in touch with Fashion Trends, Competition from leading Italian brands stores. In store merchandising, Promoting e-business channel, Interactive website for customized designing Organic foods market, Customer acquisition Strategies, Growth in demand : eco-friendly products, Growing interest Indian culture, handicrafts textiles, Milan host for 1 of worlds most prestigious furniture and design fairs. Milan one of worlds major financial business centres, Worlds 26th richest city by purchasing power. O P P O R T U N I T I E S 3. External Audit: 3.1 PESTEL Analysis: Political: Change in implementation of rules regulations with introduction of new government. Eg No foreign collaborations, no foreign goods and products coming in the Italian market. Changes in policies by existing Indian government. Refer RESEARCH final.doc5.1.1 Economical: Changes due to economical descend. Eg. Reduction in employment rate purchasing power of people, resulting in low sales. Social: Social acceptance towards certain colors might vary according to different cultures and stratas of society. Eg: Products in bright colors which are popular in India is not socially accepted in Milan. Refer RESEARCH final.doc5.1.3 Technological: Utilizing technology infrastructure of international standards. Eg. CRM software implemented in stores will help in maintaining centralized database. This will help Fabindia in retaining customers by building lasting relationships improving Loyalty. Environmental: Material used for making products not approved allowed by Italian Government. Eg. If products are found to be made of materials hazardous to the environment the Italian government can take strict actions against the company under the Environmental Protection Law. Refer Legal: Difference in manufacturing standards , process , trading etc. Eg. Conformity to European standards and CE marking. Taxes for businesses in Italy. Refer RESEARCH final.doc5.1.6 3.2 Impact of Porters 5 Forces : Threat of Subsitutes: There should not be threat of substitute to the products of Fabindia since they are eco-friendly organic products which have replaced the ordinary conventional products are in huge demand. Market Segmentation: 4. Market Segmentation : Age Group: All age groups. Sex: Male Female Economic Class: Not specific Geographical Place: Milan, Italy. Fabindia intends to continue expanding internationally currently 6 stores abroad. Milan very important city in Italy one of worlds major financial business centres. Main goal of Fabindia to promote vast diverse craft traditions of India. Since there is a growing interest among Europeans about Indian handcrafted products, Indian textiles, art cultures, Fabindia holds lot of potential in European market. Fabindia very ethical eco-friendly company which supports many causes Europeans like being part of such endeavours. Fabindia does not target any specific age group or any specific economic strata, has something for every one. Fiera Milano citys ExhibitionCenter and Trade Fair complex is one of most important in the world Milan is one of fashion capitals of the world. Fabindia wants to increase its global reach, since lot of international buyers visit Milan, it can prove to be great opportunity for it. The employment rate in Milanis 95-96% therefore the spending power of people is very high. Thus opening a store at Milan should prove to be beneficial. 5. Proposed Marketing Mix: Execution: They should carry out extensive market research, study kind of products established stores are selling. Meetings with designers artisans can be conducted designers give inputs on current market trends and emerging designs to weavers brainstorm innovative techniques. They can design stylish products emphasizing on Indian craftsmanship explore rich Indian fabrics with numerous surface ornamentation techniques. Range will be exclusively designed for the Milan market. They can take customer feedback through their online website know preferences of their customers design accordingly. Product range fine combinations of Indian aesthetics and western design sensibility. Farmers will supply Fabindia with organic varieties from places like Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Coorg, Tamil Nadu. They believe giving farmers fair price for their produce, and supplying very highest quality food to their customers. 5.2 Price: Products different price ranges. Products will be affordable, will give ‘value for money. It hasexpanded its range- to provide something for all its customers. Execution: Type of Products PriceRange ( Euros) Textile-based product range 5-15 Home Products range 20-300 Fabindia Organics 3 onwards Fabindia Sana 3-30 5.3 Place : Fabindia should be strategically located at Sesto San Giovanni full of commerce, restaurants, hotels, malls, rail station, red line of Metro. Brand Zara home is located there Habitat is near by. 2 eco hotels Hotel la Residenza Via Scialoia or Hotel Ariston, Galeria del Corso near Sesto San Giovanni can be considered. Piazza del Duomo is also very good location which attracts lot of people boutiques, bookstores big stores to indulge in elegant and cultural shopping. They can haveconcept stores or premium stores located in famous historical landmarks and renowned big heritage for convenience of potential buyer and creation of overall awareness. Execution: With help of Search Office Space (SOS), can find appropriate place. FREE Service They are paid by advertisers. Impartial Advice Their mission is to find space that meets YOUR requirements. They provide with tailor made options that match your specifications. They take care of entire search show options, help create a shortlist, arrange for you to view space, compare prices, make your final selection and arrange your move-in date. 5.4 Promotion: Promoting its products, mostly through posters, word of mouth and events. Placing ads in local newspapers about ongoing events organized in store to increase awareness about store locations, usinglot of in-store posters to create consumer awareness about products and rural suppliers etc., putting up hoardings, creating awareness social causes which they represent associate with, promote through website. Execution: GlobalCom PR-Network is worldwide group of full service PR and Marketing Communications agencies. It more than 40 partners and affiliated agencies cover all member states of European Union. Their strength is their local expertise in all European market. Portfolio includes: Public Analyst Relations Marketing Communications Online Marketing Market Research Media Training By engaging professional PR agency conversant with Italian Market environment, different strategies can be devised to promote store. 5.5 Process : It believes: â€Å"Delighted Customer is our Best BrandAmbassador†. It should focus on customer retention build loyal customer base. Execution: It should implement CRM software aims to help maintain centralized database to keep records of customers, details about past purchases, preferences or by having Value Customer Card gives history customer details each time, card is swiped. They should have interactive events for customers with design team, customers can get style tips, Feedback sessions between Fabindia designers customers loyal customers can be given certain privileges get special invites to events organized by Fabindia like exhibitions, concerts. will help it in retaining customers improving loyalty. 5.6 Physical Evidence: By endorsing and sponsoring events- creative communication tools innovative activities attract customers gaining maximum publicity possible. Execution: Having in store posters to create consumer awareness about dyes used in products, products and where they come from, i.e. rural suppliers Having dà ©cor and layouts highlight traditional and natural focus, having catalogues giving details current merchandise, LCD screens playing how artisans work manufacture, brochures informing Fabindia events lined up, Indianised eco-friendly stylish carry bags with personalized thank you cards, leaflets informing causes Fabindia supports eco-friendly practices it follows. 5.7 People: People working with and for Fabindia representatives of Fabindia. They should be aware of all its products, be knowledgable, friendly, helpful, attentive, speak lot of languages and develop good customer relations. Store personnel encouraged to wear clothes that reflect Fabindia ethos of traditional and natural look. Execution: Fabindia should register on website of recruiting agency help it to find its potential employees. Fabindia should train people with required knowledge and customer service. People working in store can attend regular training programmes. 6. Ansoffs Grrowth Strategy: 6.1 MARKETING STRATEGY FOR FABINDIA MILAN USING ANSOFFS GRID Milan potential market with growing interest among Europeans about Indian handcrafted products, Indian textiles cultures Fiera Milano citys Exhibition Center one of most important in world visited by manyinternational buyers, great opportunity for Fabindia help increase global reach. Fabindia very ethical eco-friendly company, supports many causes Europeans like being part of such endeavours. Currently Fabindia store in Rome, Italy has been doing well. Fabindia expand internationally to create brand awareness in new place, to launch itself in different parts it should use Market Development Strategy . Fabindia very popular for its fashion apparels mostly made of homespun cotton. But one cannot wear cotton due to climatic conditions in Milan. The colors of Fabindia products mostly very colourful, but due to gloomy weather in Milan larger population prefer pastels mid tones of all colors summers and winters black n brown rules. Milan fashion capital houses leading brands, famous for their innovative designs. It is important for Fabindia to have its merchandise designed their range planned as per market in Milan I strongly suggest Product Development Strategy. EXECUTION Core values of Fabindia to provide quality natural products, reflect the unique Indian culture hence Isuggeststore can be located infamous historical landmark have layouts highlight traditional and natural focus. Store showcases rich legacy of Indias traditional weavers, offering wide array of styles contemporary and sophisticated, must create distinct image location must be chosen with utmost care. Fabindia very ethical eco-friendly brand Ariston hotel first ecological hotel of Italy- perfect place for exclusive Fabindia store. Ariston hotel situated in heart of Milan, 500 metres from the Duomo, monuments ,few steps from Via Torino shopping area. With privileged position compared to other 3-star, near Piazza del Duomo andsubwaystops(to New Fair). Very well serviced bytram, bus. Very strategic location connected to all important places renowned museums, monuments famous shopping streets, restaurants, pizzerias movie theaters near the Duomo awareness could be created through advertising physical evidences. Since new market no awareness, needs to carry out lot of promotional activities. Can organize events like authentic Indian food festivals, , interactive workshops with Indian designers, showcasing the rich Indian culture. Fabindia associated with social causes, create awareness about involvement and brand.  · Can organize social events , sponsorships, advertise in magazines, hoardings, posters to create consumer awareness,Know what you wear Workshop. Makes customers more aware of work put in for their fabric and helps them with association with brand FabIndia. Lot of competition leading established brands in Milan selling similar products.They need to create distinct image come up product range exclusively for Milan after doing a detailed market research, products with innovative ecofriendly stylish designs with Indianised touch. Lot of importance laid on aesthetic appeal good quality. Should focus on customer retention work on strategies to build a loyal customer base. These are my recommendations for launching Fabindia in Milan. Feedback Mechanism: Mystery Shopper Program: In mystery shopper program, person hired by management goes to every store and shops there and then give feedback according to customer perspective. Store people never come to know or suspect anyone whether he is a mystery shopper or not. Detailed feedback is given to every individual shop. It consists of minute details signages outside, restrooms, behavior of staff. So it serves as a tool to provide better customer satisfaction. Feedback registers Feedback questionnaire to be filled on the website: Customer feedback by maintaining visitors register to record customer views or through questionnaires filled online. Store managers can prepare report, periodically reviewed by Product Selection Committee to know about buying pattern among consumers. CRM software Value Customer Card: CRM software can be implemented to maintain centralized database to keep customer record details or by having the Value Customer Card history details of customer each time, card is swiped. Can get to know fast slow moving products, popular styles can accordingly do range planning. Can have meeting every month to review performance discuss measures to be taken to improve sales increase consumer satisfaction.

Jackie Robinson Essay -- essays research papers

Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born January 31, 1919. He was born in Cairo, Georgia and was the youngest of five children. He had a grandfather that was a slave, Jackie’s dad was a sharecropper and Mallie, Jackie’s mother, was a maid. His dad ran away from the family when Jackie was only an infant. Jackie fought racism in his California childhood, at collage and throughout his whole life. During his childhood at California he was always picked on at school. Kids taunted him so much and so badly that he developed a hot temper. When Jackie was growing up, whenever he would sense or be involved in legal injustice he would get really mad and there would be nothing he could of done about it. At the University of California in Los Angeles, Jackie met his future wife, Rachel Islam. Jackie starred in four sports. Some have said that Jackie was the greatest American athlete, arguing that he was better at track & field, football and basketball than baseball. Later after college he joined the Negro Leagues to play professional baseball. If Blacks wanted to play professional baseball in 1946, they had to do so in the segregated Negro Leagues. Negro leagues started in 1920. They created these leagues because whites didn’t want blacks to play with them. They wanted the MLB to be clean white. Jackie Robinson was drafted into the army in 1942. He had a series of many conflicts as he rose to the rank of lieutenant. The worst one was when Jackie was sitting in the front seats of a milit...

Bilingual Education: Critique Essay

According to Brisk (1998), when bilingual or bilateral education is implemented in private schools the results are very encouraging. Students of all ages benefit from such approach producing at times amazing results. When, however, the bilingual education is implemented in public schools for lingo-minority, the results become controversial if not questionable. To understand such a disparity, a lot of studies have been conducted during the last two decades. One of this studies that Brisk described was done by UNESCO more than 40 years ago concluded that when children were taught in their second (or minor) language they experienced difficulties in their education. From their report, one could see clearly that researchers at this organization favored the mother tongue declaring that children get better education when teachers teach them using it. Logically, the language is the medium to transit knowledge. If the native language was and is spoken at home, the major cultural elements are being transited to the children of the family. Language encapsulates the concepts that language carries and that are transmitted on to the young child as he or she absorbs the culture within the micro-culture. Before the child goes to school, many concepts absorbed through the native language are already a part of his or her cognitive development. Even more so, the elements of personality have also been transmitted through the native language and continue being reinforced if and when the parents speak the native language at home. When that child goes to school, he or she feels immediately confused for that personality core cannot be expressed nor reinforced by the dominant language that the child hears in school for the duration of the entire day. The transition from the native language into the concepts learnt with the dominant language is happening very slow and never in its entirety leaving some confusion and unclear definitions. That lack of clarity prohibits the child from asking questions (especially if that child is more shy by nature) and that feeling of confusion grows into frustration. Shannon Fitts (2006) examined how bilingual instruction affects the students’ learning and how â€Å"parallel monolingualism† afford the students â€Å"to explore linguistic forms and their attendant social meanings. † It appears that her initial perspective of the â€Å"parallel monolingualism† implies that the children artificially separate two languages to absorb the instructional input. Indeed, there are intangible ideas present in the native language that cannot be expressed in the dominant one. Thus, the lingo-minority students can be easily taken advantage of by other students or even by teachers. Throughout the Fitts’ paper there is a dominance of an idea that teaching in bilingualism is unjust and unfair to those whose dominant language is not native. She justifies this view by trying to conceptualize her opinion of â€Å"conceptualizing native languages† and thus viewing a language as an isolated medium of knowledge transference. She referred to other researchers when saying that Hispanic students â€Å"do not feel valued† while being present in the classroom of the dominant culture and therefore find it difficult to devote to their own education. She should not isolate Hispanic students from those of other ethnic backgrounds. I do not believe that anything has to do with being or not being valued as a person; it has everything to do with misconstruing definitions, half-understood remarks, not-natively implied body language, and other cultural elements. Looking at bilingual classroom from the wrong perspective will warp the impression about the students’ social make up and cultural inclusion. Han Chung (2006) expressed a positive approach in the writing style describing the code-switching strategy in addressing the needs of bilingual Korean students. The researcher’s attitude was that of nonchalant opinion with non-sided estimation. This researcher started the paper with the acknowledgement that multilingualism is the way that many people live with (i. e. Europe) and the transference between languages becomes more than cursory. She mentioned several secondary sources that conform the fact that many children grow up hearing two or even more languages at home and in the immediate environment. With the people becoming more mobile, more and more children are forced into multilingualism; however, it is not necessarily contributing to their best rate of development. Her logical discussion brings the readers into the common for the topic questions, like â€Å"How the children acquire the second language? † or â€Å"Being able to communicate in two languages, do they loose some important characteristics of the personality development transferred in to them by the first and native language? † or â€Å"What does happen to the cultural identity? † Her further discourse discusses the multiculturalism as the medium of â€Å"the complex communicative demands of a pluralistic society†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (the secondary source). Her acknowledgment that the society is pluralistic (not monolistic with domineering language) brings a totally new concept into bilingualism of its citizenship: that every resident living in that society has equal rights and equal access to the major language used in that society. The sentiment within the Fitts’ work (2006) was different. I perceived that she was referring to Hispanic students as those who must adjust to the major culture and language. Multilinguistic approach versus that of monolistic should become prevalent before we accept the fact that the right to major or minor languages within the same society should be provided to any citizen. Even that is not enough. Language minority students should feel that their native language and ethnic belonging are accepted and respected within the dominant culture. They should not feel excluded just because they have an accent or they do not understand all the nuances of the dominant language. They may feel that their language is not as important as the dominant language at their school. At some sites where there are no bilingual programs, the emphasis is not on the maintenance of the student’s primary language. Instead, the goal is to transition the students as soon as possible into all dominant language classes. The implication here is uni-sided: your culture and language are less important than ours. Certainly, such implication will be indirect but nevertheless felt by the affected minority groups. The use of the student’s primary language therefore takes a backseat, as the main language emphasized at the site is the dominant one. The maintenance of his/her language is not the main priority of such a school. Despite the controversy (Rothstein, 1998), it is given that at schools where there are two-way bilingual immersion programs, the target language, which may be the primary language of the minority student, does not take a backseat at the site. It is considered just as important as the dominant language and treated equally. The equal treatment can become tricky, and this is where the instructors’ skill and special training are needed. Unlike in transitional bilingual programs where the primary language is only emphasized in core subject classes until the student is transitioned into the dominant only curriculum the equal bilingual program treats each subject matter as knowledge with ought much emphasis with what language the students will acquire it. Rothstein’s work clearly points out at this controversy and is addressed to both kind of readers: pro-bilingualism and those who do not see the value behind it. He pointed out that the minor and the dominant languages should be used equally and by the language majority students as well as by the teaching staff as a mere tool to deliver instructional input. According to some researchers in the area of bilingual education (Commins & Miramontes, 2006), equal bilingual programs may help students in the area of self-esteem, which may have an effect in the area of academic achievement. In that, Commins and Miramontes argued that students’ self esteem could be studied separately for it can be a dependent variable to the type of education program (bilingual or monolingual) the site will employ. Such a perspective always refreshes for it is obvious that the researchers do not take sides or become shifted into any opinion. In another work, Dominguez De Ramirez, and Shapiro (2006) suggested that programs such as two-way bilingual immersion programs contain ingredients that may help the language minority students raise their levels of self-esteem, and academic achievement. These researchers, as well, focused their attention at the formation of students’ personality and the program factors affect on it. These particular researchers’ attitudes appeared to be shifted in favor of Hispanic population for they specifically discuss such without any reference to any other ethnic groups. With such researchers, I would like to see more comprehensive approach discussing other ethnic groups and ethnic situations so abundantly present in the USA and especially in European Union. The situation is not and should not appear to be unique to one ethnic group in one country. Many in multiple geographical locations around the Globe experience it. Further, it would not be presumptions of me to notice that such situations happen very often with the ethnic writers writing about the population that belong to their ethnicity group. Especially these writers should be more concerned of the wider-comprehensive appearance of their work. Such critique is no way to limit their effectiveness as far as their writing skills are concerned but rather their point ness within the topic(s) they choose. References Brisk, M. E. (1998). Bilingual Education: From Compensatory to Quality Schooling. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Commins, N. L. , & Miramontes, O. B. (2006). Addressing Linguistic Diversity from t he Outset. Journal of Teacher Education, 57(3), 240+. Retrieved June 4, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5014939910 De Ramirez, R. D. , & Shapiro, E. S. (2006). Curriculum-Based Measurement and the Evaluation of Reading Skills of Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners in Bilingual Education Classrooms. School Psychology Review, 35(3), 356+. Retrieved June 4, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5017755652 Fitts, S. (Summer, 2006). Reconstructing the Status Quo: Linguistic Interaction in a Dual-Language School. Bilingual Research Journal, 29: 2 Han Chung, H. (Summer, 2006). Code Switching as a Communicative Strategy: A Case Study of Korean–English Bilinguals. Bilingual Research Journal, 30: 2 Rothstein, R. (1998). Bilingual Education: The Controversy. Phi Delta Kappan, 79(9), 672+. Retrieved June 4, 2007, from Questia database: http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001343556

criminal Justice

Every day, across America, crimes are being committed, criminals are being apprehended, and then processed through the justice system. While this cycle is taking place, the media has to decide which of these stories will get the front page of the newspaper, which story will talk radio discuss during your morning traffic jam, and what stories could possibly be turned into made for T.V. movies. The news organizations can cover any stories that they choose, good or bad. More often than not they will cover a story involving some heinous and atrocious act. Something so bad that it will make people ask, â€Å"What kind of person could do such a thing?† While this is part of the media’s responsibility, they tend to single out certain crimes and use the victims and the defendants as characters for their own brand of reality television. One example of this was the recent trial of California manure salesman, Scott Peterson. For over one year, all major American news networks devoted hours of time each day to covering the testimonies and evidence that eventually led to his murder conviction. While this was taking place, day in and day out, there were many more everyday crimes that no one, aside from the people involved, ever heard about. Shortly after the verdict in the Scott Peterson case, a 36 year-old man by the name of Chai Vang murdered six people, men and women, on the opening weekend of deer season, after a dispute with him for hunting on their land. For one reason or another, this story has not received much publicity nationwide. Sometimes the name of the defendant alone is enough to cause the media to go into a frenzy. In the summer of 1994, retired football star and Hertz rental car spokesperson O.J. Simpson was arrested for the murder of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson and Beverly Hills waiter, Ronald Goldman. In the media’s eyes, this story took top priority over all most everything else happening in the world. Eventually, Mr... criminal Justice Free Essays on Media/criminal Justice Every day, across America, crimes are being committed, criminals are being apprehended, and then processed through the justice system. While this cycle is taking place, the media has to decide which of these stories will get the front page of the newspaper, which story will talk radio discuss during your morning traffic jam, and what stories could possibly be turned into made for T.V. movies. The news organizations can cover any stories that they choose, good or bad. More often than not they will cover a story involving some heinous and atrocious act. Something so bad that it will make people ask, â€Å"What kind of person could do such a thing?† While this is part of the media’s responsibility, they tend to single out certain crimes and use the victims and the defendants as characters for their own brand of reality television. One example of this was the recent trial of California manure salesman, Scott Peterson. For over one year, all major American news networks devoted hours of time each day to covering the testimonies and evidence that eventually led to his murder conviction. While this was taking place, day in and day out, there were many more everyday crimes that no one, aside from the people involved, ever heard about. Shortly after the verdict in the Scott Peterson case, a 36 year-old man by the name of Chai Vang murdered six people, men and women, on the opening weekend of deer season, after a dispute with him for hunting on their land. For one reason or another, this story has not received much publicity nationwide. Sometimes the name of the defendant alone is enough to cause the media to go into a frenzy. In the summer of 1994, retired football star and Hertz rental car spokesperson O.J. Simpson was arrested for the murder of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson and Beverly Hills waiter, Ronald Goldman. In the media’s eyes, this story took top priority over all most everything else happening in the world. Eventually, Mr...

How to Identify Email Spam

How to Identify Email Spam How to Identify Email Spam How to Identify Email Spam By Mark Nichol I received the following email message recently. Actually, it went to my spam folder, but other recipients may not be so fortunate or so discerning about its deceptive nature. But if you read carefully, you’ll find plenty of clues that the writer is not a native speaker of English, much less an FBI agent. My editorial interpolations are in brackets. Anti-Terrorist and Monitory Crime Division. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Daniel McMullen (Special Agent in Charge) Attn: , [Mac, you forgot to fill in my name, or a generic term.] This is to officially inform you that it has come to our notice and we have thoroughly investigated with the help of our Intelligence Monitoring Network System that you are having an illegal Transaction with Impostors. [The Intelligence Monitoring Network System could be a brand-name system meriting initial capitalization, but it also could be and is, according to an online search a phrase that comes up only in reference to its inclusion in this message, a classic example of the Nigerian email scam. Furthermore, Rampant Initial Capitalization of Very Important Things, also seen in the phrase â€Å"Transaction with Impostors,† is a common occurrence in email-scam content.] We the Federal Bureau Of Investigation want you to stop further communication with any Impostors claiming to be official. [The FBI would never use the royal we, it doesn’t capitalize the of in its name, and it wouldn’t simply tell you to â€Å"stop† anything.] During our Investigation, [not just any investigation, mind you, but an Investigation] we noticed that the reason why you have not received your payment is because you have not fulfilled your Financial Obligation given to you in respect of your Contract/Inheritance Payment. [More outbreaks of Raging Capitalitis. Also, even FBI bureaucrats know that â€Å"we noticed that the reason why you have not received your payment is because† is more elegantly rendered â€Å"we noticed that you have not received your payment because.†] Therefore, we have contacted the Federal Ministry of Finance [of(?)] Nigeria on your behalf and they have brought a solution to your problem by coordinating your payment in total $5,900,000.00(Five Million Nine Hundred Thousand Dollars). [The only place you will find monetary amounts rendered to the last decimal place followed by the spelled-out rendering, with words initial-capped, in parentheses is in Nigerian scam emails. No one else treats references to money this way.] Since the Federal Bureau of Investigation [Mac, can you just call it the FBI, like everyone else does? But thanks for lowercasing the of this time.] is involved in this transaction,you have to be rest assured for this is 100% risk free it is our duty to protect you. [The main clause of the previous sentence is a mess. Messages to the public from government agencies are better written than this.] We the Federal Bureau Of Investigation [there’s that royal we again, and a reversion to the initial-capped of] want you to contact the ATM CARD CENTER [All-caps = VERY IMPORTANT AND AUTHORITATIVE, but just what is the â€Å"ATM CARD CENTER†?] via email for their requirements to proceed and procure your Approval Slip on your behalf which will cost you $150 and note that your Approval Slip which contains details of the agent who will process your transaction. [This runaway sentence starts out coherently but eventually devolves into meaninglessness.] CONTACT INFORMATION NAME: Mr. Kelvin Williams Address: 18 Koffi Crescent Apapa Lagos Nigeria [Is Nigeria, or the FBI excuse me, the Federal Bureau Of Investigation suffering a comma shortage?] EMAIL: williamskelvin857@yahoo.com [Why am I emailing someone in Nigeria? Oh, right because it’s a Nigerian email scam.] Do contact [â€Å"Do contact†? The FBI sure sounds fussy these days.] Mr. Kelvin Williams of the ATM CARD CENTER with your details,and you full information So your files would be updated after which he will send the payment information which youll use in making payment of$150 via Western Union Money Transfer or Money Gram Transfer for the procurement of your Approval Slip after which the delivery of your ATM CARD will be effected to your designated home address without any further delay. [There’s evidently a period shortage, too.] We order you [You order me? Have I been conscripted? Oh, and, excuse me, sir, but you left out another word.] get back to this office after you have contacted the ATM SWIFT CARD CENTER [Oh, now it’s the ATM SWIFT CARD CENTER.] and we do await your response so we can move on with our Investigation and make sure your ATM SWIFT CARD gets to you. [What’s an ATM SWIFT CARD? Something available, evidently, only from Nigeria.] Thanks and hope to read from you soon. [No, you will not be reading from me soon, Mac.] Daniel McMullen Special Agent in Charge Criminal Division FBI Los Angeles Suite 1700, FOB 15000 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles, California [Oops, you forgot your ZIP code, Mac. But that’s OK I double-checked your street address, and it’s wrong. In an online search, it came up only in wait for it references to a Nigerian email scam. (This one, in particular.)] Note: Do disregard [Fussy!] any email you get from any impostors or offices claiming to be in possession of your ATM CARD, you are hereby advice only to be in contact with Mr. Kelvin Williams of the ATM CARD CENTER who isthe rightful person to deal with in regards to your ATM CARD PAYMENT and forward any emails you get from impostors to this office so we could act upon and commence investigation. [Again, the FBI does not condone run-on sentences or comma splices.] Note: There is actually a Federal Bureau Of Investigation agent named Daniel McMullen, but he’s stationed in Mississippi, not Los Angeles. Perhaps he was sent there as punishment for his atrocious writing skills. (That’s just a harmless little joke, denizens of the Magnolia State.) Are you on the lookout for written passages to use as rewriting and editing exercises? Look no further than your email program’s spam folder. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and ExpressionsList of Greek Words in the English LanguageEspecially vs. Specially

The Relationship Between The Middle And Working Classes Essay

The Relationship Between The Middle And Working Classes - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that around the turn of the twentieth century, there was so much inequality that the middle class and the working class could not afford the same standards of living. However, some members of the middle class stretched their hands to help those who were in the working class. Addams explains how as a child belonging to the middle class helped the working class children not to feel bad about their situation when her father told her to wear a cloth that other kids wear so that she can be equal with them. This attitude helped the members of the working class in the twentieth century to feel that they belong to the same society and can share equally with other members of the society. Addams uses her life example to suggest that living among the poor is an opportunity to improve their lives in many ways. She says, â€Å"There were other genuine reasons for living among the poor than that of practicing medicine upon them†. Improved live ref ers to several factors that make someone attain higher standards of living including increased wages, more food, better health, higher social status, more comfort, and higher financing standing in general. Addams says that people in the streets in East London were very poor and that the middle class tried to help them in mitigating their problems. Those poor people did not have enough food to eat and gathered in the streets at night to buy vegetables which were almost rotten, others eating them raw.

The Life of Pi book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Life of Pi book review - Essay Example The story is basically about a boy who is on a boat that is sinking, and escapes to a lifeboat with several zoo animals, who eventually all get eaten by a tiger. I think that one of the main reasons that I liked this book so much is that for a long time I identified with the main character, and felt that I was like him. I think the fact that I enjoyed this book so much, and read it several times in a few month span tells me several things about myself. First I think it tells me that I felt lonely, because I could identify with the main character, and that main character spends most of the book alone on a raft with only a vicious tiger for company, and possibly because the book is also a story about immigration, about leaving a home you know to go to a home that you do not, and that is something that I enjoy thinking about. But I think that this book also indicates that I am thinking too much on the past, and am feeling sorry for myself, and should move on to something else. I do not think that I have fully put this book in the past, but I hope to soon. I hope to put the part of me that it represents in the past as well. One of the most important ideas to this book is probably the idea of loneliness, and of feeling alone when you are not in a place that you are used to. When I first came to this country, I felt very alone because I did not know very many people, and my move to this country had put a large amount of strain on my relationship with my family. There are a few lines from The Life of Pi that I have underlined more than the rest as I read them. On page 163, the main character is starting to think about what he must do to survive, and says these words: â€Å"There was so much I had to do. I looked out at the empty Horizon. There was so much water. And I was all alone. All alone. I burst into hot tears. I buried my face in my crossed arms and sobbed. My situation was patently hopeless† (Martel, 163). I believe that these lines are probably the mos t important of the book in some ways, and are probably the reason that I enjoyed the book so much and why I have read it so many different times. There are many ideas in this lines that I can understand and identify with, and that make me see now that I was probably not doing the things that were best for me when I first came to this country from my homeland, away from my friends and family. I think that, when I first was arriving at this country, there were many things that I felt that I had to do all at the same time. I had to start preparing for school, had to find place to live, had to find friends, had to meet new people, had to start learning where everything is, where to get groceries, where to have dinner, where to have fun. But I also think that I could not do these things. I always had some excuse, and I was so tired, and everything was so hard, so much harder than it probably actually was. And now, reading these lines, I think everything was hard because I felt alone, str anded away from everything I knew. In The Life of Pi, the main character is not actually hopeless here, he can survive for a very long time afterwards, and does survive for such a long time, â€Å"227 days† at sea, and then decades and decades more once he gets back to land (205). But he feels hopeless, because there is no one to share his burden, no one to distract him, no one to help

Managerial Economics - Price Discrimination Essay

Managerial Economics - Price Discrimination - Essay Example Second-degree price discrimination is the 'buy more pay less" policy of large corporations where as bulk purchases attract more discounts to encourage quicker stock clearance.An example is the Supermarket offers which state "Buy three get One free' for CD's and Grocery items like Dishwashing liquid. Third degree price discrimination is based on certain consumer segments in the consumer base that pay more or less depending on State policy.For example the London transport Board gives large discounts to travellers who are students and senior citizens. Business strategy comprises of a myriad of value creating concerns like value creation and value capture both of which are important for securing a firm's sustainable competitive advantage.It has to be understood that competitive advantage is a result of these two distinct (albeit related) activities: value creation and value capture. Based on the nuances created by "sustaining" success it is possible to conclude that capturing value is indeed a greater tumultuous task than value creation.Simply stated it is very easy to get what you want but keeping it might become a problem.This reasoning is in line with Porters strategy of competitive advantage. Economies of scope are based on cost reduction of resources and skills for a firm by the expansion of these resources and skills over two or more firm tasks.This may lead to cutting costs to a large extent.For example the accounts department of a Firm can be used to bill and prepare cost documents for all its subsidiaries or partners to save costs of maintaining an accounts department overall. 4. Discuss the owner-manager conflict within the firm. Provide two real world manifestations of the conflict. The structure of the modern corporate form entails that there will be a separation of ownership and control between the shareholders and directors. The limits of a manager's accountability are his discretions that are revealed in his performance. One of the economic or financial consequences of his actions is that in accordance with his performance results, the investors reduce the amounts of investments.Thus what can be called the "opportunistic behaviour" of the managers results in inefficiencies that have direct bearing in reduction in investments if the shareholders feel that their investments are being unfairly appropriated.This calls for corporate governance mechanisms to enhance shareholder confidence and reduce the owner-manager conflict. Real world examples of the conflict are the Enron and Northern Rock Crises where the Directors through their wrongful trading put the interests of thousands of shareholders at stake. Another example can be the newly implemented laws in Engla nd after the passing of the Companies Act 2006 for the review of director's duties which have become codified in statute now to promote and maximise shareholder wealth. 5. Discuss the value-maximizing principle. How are reputational concerns related to this principle The conventional view in managerial economics is that the aim of economic activity will be to maximise business profits. However there is no single explanation in literature of whether infact profit maximization is the main centre of management decisions. The

Two Kinds Essay Example for Free

Two Kinds Essay She is a mother who got a second chance at having a family and is very controlling thinking she is doing what is best or her child. The narrator which is the daughter; she starts off as a normal child in the story, but the conflict between her and her mother causes her to be resentful and a underachiever. There is the father who does not say anything in the story but seems to agree with the mother. There is the Aunt Lindo that is really her mothers friend who seems to brag about her child Waverly; a character in the story who seems quite spoiled. And the piano teacher Mr. Chong who the daughter likes to refer to as â€Å"Old Chong†. He is a deaf piano teacher that has no idea that the daughter is not playing the right tunes. The mother who is very strict on her daughter, she did not think she was pushing the daughter to far. The mother felt the daughter was not trying hard enough, which she showed she was very disappointed. The mother went as far as insulting the daughter and blaming her or the way she looked. In the beginning of the story the was very excited to become a prodigy. She tried real hard to get it right and please her parents. The daughter tried real hard to find out what she was perfect at. That was until the daughter no longer felt like she would ever be perfect. She spent so much time believing that she was perfect and wanting to please her parents every time she could not do something right she knew how much her mother would be disappointed and she also disappointed herself as well. The daughters whole life revolved around her being a perfect little girl. The mother just new that there was something her daughter could master. The little girl started to doubt herself, but the mother tried everything she heard or seen these little prodigy kids in America do. The Mother started to get angry because she felt her daughter was not trying hard enough. The little girl started to believe that she was just an ordinary little girl, but knew that was not except-able to her mother. Her mother spent years comparing her daughter to these other children. She was trying to find her daughters hidden talent. The mother felt her daughter could do anything she put her mind to. I think the mother felt her daughter had chances that she never had in China and did not want her to ruin her opportunity. The daughter did not understand this she just wanted to be a normal little girl and have fun. The little girl was over trying to be perfect, but the mother was not ready to give up. The mother kept on trying to show her daughter how these other kids can do these things, and that she should be able to do them as well. The mother showed her disappointment time and time again, not knowing that she was making her daughter feel self-conscious and resentful towards her. The daughter new she was never going to be perfect, and being herself would never be good enough for her mother. The little girl started to feel anger towards her parents and wanted to rebel against them. The little girl feeling so much anger with her mother would purposely fail everything her mother wanted her to do. The little girl was hoping if she disappointed her mother enough she would give up on her the way the little girl gave up on herself. The mother refusing to give up felt she new her daughter would be great at something if her daughter would just put her mind to it she could do anything. So the mother just pushed harder not knowing she was pushing her daughter away from her and away from her dreams or her. The mother was so determined even know they could not afford lessons the mother made arrangements to trade work for piano lessons. I think the mother felt that at this point the daughter would see how hard she was willing to work for her and maybe appreciate it and work harder. The little girl felt differently she was angry towards her mother and felt as if her mother did not except her for who she was and she wanted to get back at her. The daughter practiced every day with Mr. Chong not even trying her mind wondering in other places. Mr. Chong was a deaf man who could only see her hand movements, so that is how he taught her. The girl caught on fast that Mr. Chong eyes could not keep up with her hands so she used it to her advantage not to learn. Mr. Chong so proud thinking she was listening to him he was very excited because she learned how to fake him out. The mother bragged about her daughter playing the piano everyday to her friend, although the mother never herd her play until the recital. The mother wanted so bad to see her child in front of the room making her proud like all of the other mothers before her, but when the little girl went up on stage the mother didnt know that she had been just wasting her time. The little girl even had her self fooled she for a second thought maybe she could play, well maybe if Mr. Chong thought she could play maybe it was true. As she played she seen the embarrassment on her parents face; the only one who seemed to enjoy her performance was Mr. Chong. The parents wanted to run out of the room, but know their pride could never allow them to do that they stayed until the end. The little girl wanted to show her mother that she was not what she wanted her to be, but was shocked and just wish her mother would say something. When they returned home the daughter taught the mother would give up on her; she thought she knew for sure that her daughter had no talent. The little girl sat down to watch TV which angered the mother. The mother did not give up she wanted her to practice. The daughter seen how angry the mother was and was scared, so the daughter not giving up the fight hit the mother where it hurt the most. The little girl told her mother she wishes she were not alive knowing how bad that ould hurt her. The little girl won the battle against her mother; the mother gave up all hope. I think the mother felt a piece of her self die that day knowing her daughter would hurt her so bad. I think the mother knew she was loosing the daughter. I think there was a lot of misscommunication between the mother and the daughter which is very realistic in real life. It makes you wounder how Amy Tan got where she is today. The mother wanted to start over and give her child the perfect life and the daughter just thought her mother just wanted her to be a perfect child. In the end it was very ironic because they both lost the battle against each other. They did not have a good relationship because they couldnt make scene of their differences. The mother pushed her child away from her and any talent she may have had. The child chose to not even finish college. I think the child forgave her mother when it was to late and the mother never found the words to say to her daughter until the end the stubborn lady still went back to the piano,and the child finally learned how to respect and listen to what her mother had to tell her about her talent. â€Å"Two Kinds† (Tan 1952, p. 524)

Hospice Programs Essay -- Papers

Hospice Programs Hospice Programs; A Dignified Death In the Middle Ages, hospice was a place where sick or weary travelers would stay while a long journey. Today hospice services are available to people who can no longer benefit from curative treatments. As the health care environment is changing at pace that few could have predicted, hospice is very much part of that change (Stair, 1998). For many years our society and the media has placed an image of death in our heads, of a painful experience, one that is feared by everyone. Although death can be emotionally draining, also can be an uplifting experience. Providing comfort and love and the assurance that life will continue, is truly the biggest gift. Hospices are designated to provide sensitive support for people in the final phase of terminal illness. ). The typical hospice patient has a life expectancy of six months or less. Hospice care works to help the patient and family members to carry on an alter, pain-free life to manage other symptoms so that their last days may be spent with dignity and quality at home or in a home-like setting (http:/www.cmcric.org/homecare.html, 2000) Hospice should be viewed as specialty and is focused on palliative care principles. Medical care is geared towards symptoms management, not curative treatment (Homecare and Hospices Resources, 2000). It is focus on living rather than dying, and a way to make the end of life as comfortable and meaningful as possible. The purpose of hospice is not to limit what health care is available to the patient, but enhance their life by controlling symptoms and providing support for everyone involved. Hospice programs offer patients different levels of care and professional services that include; Nursin... ...ir families. This program helps many patients to be alert, comfortable, and most important free of pain as they live their final days in a familiar place surrounded by people they know and love. Therefore, giving them a dignified death. References Stair, J. (1998). Understanding the Challenges for Hospice: Fundamental for the Future. Oncology Issues [Online]. 13(2): pages 22-25. *http://ehostweb6.Epnet.com: (2000, October 13). Home Health Care Hospice Services. *http://www.cmcric.org/homecare.html. (2000, October 13) National Hospice Organization. Operations Manual. (1999). [Online]. *http://oncology.mescape.com (2000, October 13). Byrock, I. (1995) The Changing Face of Hospice [Online] 14, pages 7-11. *http://oncology.medscape.com (2000, October 13) Homecare and Hospice Resources (2000). [Online]. http://herald-journal.com (2000, October 14).

Jeepneys

Among the many public transportation vehicles in the Philippines, only one represents the vibrant cultural heritage of the Filipinos: jeepneys. Jeepneys, also called as public-utility jeepneys (PUJ), are the most popular form of transportation according to research (Westerman, 2018). It exemplifies the resourcefulness and the creativity of the Filipinos through pious and beautiful art creations painted, drawn, and/or written on its exterior, â€Å"normally depicting family portraits, religious icons, sceneries, movie and anime characters, dream cars, and dream girls (Ragodon, 2017, para. 8).† Jeepneys exhibit a vast Philippine history, existing not to merely serve the Filipinos but also to share the beauty of a Filipino's values. Jeepneys are an immense help to mankind. In order to ride it, one must have only a few coins in his/her pocket because of its cheap fare (8 php). This fare benefits both the affluent and poor sectors of society. Riders pass their payment forward for it to reach the driver—a process that encourages abnegation and honesty among the riders which shows and develops â€Å"Filipino hospitableness†, a quality that is often recognized by non-Filipinos. Moreover, Jeepneys have a boundless number of routes, making it more convenient for riders to reach far destinations. Although jeepneys benefit the Filipinos in various ways, it further worsens the current state of the Philippines. Jeepneys depend on remodeled parts and damaging diesel, contributing to the Philippines' intense traffic and pollution problems (Gregorio, 2018, para. 4). It emits harmful gases that may affect people, plants, animals, and the atmosphere—all of which may permanently affect the environment detrimentally. Furthermore, jeepneys put the welfare of its driver and riders at risk. Aside from allowing its riders to inhale dangerous gases (particularly carbon dioxide), jeepneys provide a â€Å"dirty, uncomfortable and often unsafe way to travel (â€Å"Jeepneys just part of the problem†, 2017, para. 1)†. Riders would have to struggle being squished in a tight-spaced, rectangular seat without any protection from the smoke that enters the vehicle through its windows. While riders are direct victims of harmful air, a World Bank report shows that Jeepney drivers are direct victims of harmful air, being the leading victims of air pollution in the year 2002 (as cited in Crisostomo, 2003, para. 1). In addition, increasing fuel costs due to economic inflation affects jeepney drivers. For a high fuel cost that lasts for a few days, jeepney drivers would have to sacrifice a portion of their irregular income in order to pay the said cost. Castillo (2017) stated the following: Under the current system the average gross venue of a jeepney driver would be around P4,000 a day. Take away about P1,000 for fuel, P600 for operator boundary or driver salary, and maintenance costs racking up P400. The driver would then be left with P2,000, working for roughly 16 to 18 hours a day. (para. 4) Aside from suffering from these, jeepney drivers also suffer from the poor design of the vehicle as proven by a study administered by the College of Engineering of the University of the Philippines Diliman (Tantiangco, 2016, para. 1). Because his/her area inside the jeepney is narrow, small, and restricted, the jeepney driver experiences health issues and discomfort. He/she chooses to neglect this problem, however, â€Å"simply because there will be monetary costs in solving these problems and because they have grown accustomed to these conditions (Tantiangco, 2016, para. 5). † To combat these jeepney problems, the Department of Transporation issued Department Order No. 2017-011, also known as the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP), â€Å"a flagship program of the Duterte administration which envisions a restructured, modern, well-managed and environmentally sustainable transport sector where drivers and operators have stable, sufficient and dignified livelihoods while commuters get to their destinations quickly, safely and comfortably,† as defined by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) (para. 1). This program aims to replace jeepneys (as well as buses and utility vans) 15 years old or older with newly improved â€Å"modernized† PUVs that are safe, ethical, and environmental- and cost-friendly. Two kinds of jeepneys will be used for the jeepney modernization: electric jeeps and Euro-4 compliant jeeps, both of which are well-designed for the comfort of its passengers. Though the new, modernized jeepneys allow 20 to 22 riders to sit inside it, the riders would not have to squeeze each other in in order to fit. Windows are covered and some PUVs have an air conditioner. These are some of the new adjustments the government has added for the comfort and benefit of the riders. To account for the security and safety of the jeepney riders, the new PUVs have been installed with CCTVs, GPS, and speed limiters according to Flores (2017, para. 20). Flores (2017) also said that people with disabilities (PWD) â€Å"will have easier access (para. 20)†, as opposed to the old jeepneys that do not give much access to PWDs; â€Å"safety officers will be assigned (para. 20)†. Riders may now ride PUVs to their hearts content, assured that their safety is prioritized. The modernized PUV does not only benefit its riders, it will also benefit its driver. Castillo (2017) said that â€Å"cost would be cut significantly and drivers can take home more†¦ All these are due to brand-new engines that require less maintenance (para. 5).† The earnings of a driver increases. As the Philippine government instills the PUV modernization progam, jeepney drivers may have a difficult time adapting due to the required payment of the new jeepney—800 php a day. The government, however, has promised to give subsidy to the drivers (CNN Philippines staff, 2018, para. 13) and has partnered with Landbank and DBP in order to aid in carrying the funds (Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board, n.d., para. 4). PUV drivers are to be engaged in training sessions that will equip them with the knowledge they need (Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board, n.d., para. 4). The Philippines will grow further as nation if public transportation works for the benefit of its citizens. With modernized PUVs, Filipinos would be better taken care of and protected—physically and emotionally—surrounded by an environment that reflects its heart and supports nature.